Tradicijska arhitektura u starom dijelu Metkovića
Tradicijska arhitektura u starom dijelu Metkovića
Najraniji spomen imena naselja Metković potječe iz 15. stoljeća, a to se naselje vjerojatno nalazilo na padini Predolca, postupno se spuštajući i šireći u dolinu tek od 19. stoljeća, a danas je poznato pod nazivom Krnjesavac. Smještaj naselja na padini u blizini rijeke uvjetovalo je formiranje naselja zbijenog tipa kakva su karakteristična za obalni pojas, u kojima su stambeni i gospodarski objekti gusto raspoređeni uz jednostavne staze, prateći pružanje brežuljka dok su stepeništa, tj. skale bile radijalno postavljene. Jednostavne, kamene prizemne ili dvoetažne, rijeđe troetažne kuće karakteristične su po svojim zelenim škurama na prozorima te dvorštima ograđenima visokim zidom, poznatim pod nazivom avlija, a većina ovih objekata potječe iz 19. i 20. stoljeća, iako postoje i rijetki primjeri vjerojatno iz 18. stoljeća. Ograđenim dvorištem dobivao se prostor za rad i za odmor, ali često i mali vrt. Ovaj dio grada posebno je zanimljiv tijekom vjerskih manifestacija, npr. za vrijeme procesija za blagdan Tijelova te na Veliki petak kada metkovske žudije, tj. čuvari Kristova groba uz mnoštvo vjernika prolaze kroz uske polumračne uličice i skalinade. Osim u Krnjesavcu zanimljivih primjera tradicijske arhitekture ima i u dijelovima grada u dolini poput samog središta grada na lijevoj te na desnoj obali rijeke Neretve kao što su Jerkovac, Klada, Crni i Hercegovački put. Primjeri tradicijske arhitekture u navedenim dijelovima grada nastali su tek na samom kraju 19. do sredine 20. stoljeća pa je tako vidljivo jednostavno oblikovanje vanjštine u stilu tradicijske arhitekture s tek minimalnim stilskim ukrasima ili upotrebom betona, tada novog građevinskog materijala.
Traditional Architecture in the Old Part of Metković
The earliest mention of the name of the settlement of Metković dates back to the 15th century; the settlement was probably located on the slope of Predolac, gradually descending and expanding in the valley only as of the 19th century; today it is known under the name of Krnjesavac. The position of the settlement on the slope near the river was a precondition for the formation of the settlement of a compact type typical for the coastal belt, in which the residential and business facilities are densely distributed along simple paths, following the course of the hills, while the stairways, i.e. stairs, were placed radially. Simple, stone ground-floor or two-story, seldom three-story, houses are typical for their green window shutters and yards fenced by a high wall, known as the ‘avlija’; the majority of these facilities date back to the 19th and 20th century, even though there are also rare samples from probably the 18th century. The fenced yard provided space for work and leisure and often for a small garden, too. This part of the town is particularly interesting during religious events such as processions for the holiday of Corpus Christi and on Good Friday when the ‘žudijas’ from Metković, i.e. the keepers of Christ’s tomb pass through the narrow and semi-dark alleys and stairways with many believers. Apart from in Krnjesavac, there are interesting examples of traditional architecture also in the parts of the town in the valley such as the very centre of the town on the left and on the right bank of the Neretva river, e.g. Jerkovac, Klada, Crni and Hercegovački put. The examples of traditional architecture in the said parts of the town were created only at the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century, thus presenting a visible and simple forming of the exterior in the style of the traditional architecture with only minimal stylish ornaments or use of concrete, at the time a new construction material.